History Notes from Serhat Engül
The Story of Byzantine Constantinople (Through 25 Sites)
Over the past two decades, working as a licensed tour guide in Istanbul, my path has gradually led me deeper into one specific layer of the city: Byzantium. What began as a general interest in history slowly…
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The Story of Ottoman Istanbul (Through 25 Buildings)
Ottoman Istanbul was not simply a city that replaced Constantinople—it was a city that grew on top of it. After 1453, the Ottomans inherited an imperial capital shaped by centuries of Roman and Byzantine rule. Rather than…
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25 Best Mosques in Istanbul (2026 Update)
Istanbul is home to some of the most remarkable mosques in the Islamic world. Over the past twenty years of guiding visitors through this city, I have walked through hundreds of mosque courtyards, climbed countless stone steps,…
15 Byzantine Churches in Istanbul (2026 Update)
Istanbul’s Byzantine churches are not just religious buildings — they are the surviving fragments of a city that once defined the spiritual and political center of the Eastern Roman world. Some of these monuments have disappeared entirely,…
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